(1890-1900)(1888)(1900)(1880-1890)(1900-1910)Table of Contents
Reyner Banham Los Angeles: The Architecture of Four Ecologies, Pelican: NY, 1971(1976), 256 pp., 1976, 1971, 1976, 1971, 1914, 1900s, 1900, 1899, 1890s, 1875, 1870s See Text
Fred E. Basten Santa Monica Bay: The First 100 Years, A pictorial history of Santa Monica, Venice, Ocean Park, Pacific Palisades, Topanga and Malibu, Douglas-West Publishers: Los Angeles, CA, 1974, 227 pp., 1920s, 1902, 1899, 1895, 1893, 1892, 1891, 1890s See Text
Harry Carr Los Angeles City of Dreams (Illustrated by E.H. Suydam), D. Appleton-Century Co.: NY, 1935, 402 pp., 1935, 1890s See Text
Donald M. Cleland A History of the Santa Monica Schools 1876-1951, Santa Monica Unified School District, February 1952 (Copied for the Santa Monica Library, July 22, 1963), June 7, 2007. 1901, 1899, 1895, 1893, 1892, 1990, 1890s, 1889 See Text
Bruce Henstell Sunshine and Wealth: Los Angeles in the Twenties and Thirties, Chronicle: San Francisco, 1984. 132pp., 1890s See Text
James W. Lunsford The Ocean and the Sunset, The Hills and the Clouds: Looking at Santa Monica, illustrated by Alice N. Lunsford, 1983, 1973, 1949, 1948, 1910, 1908, [late] 1800s See Text
Amanda Schacter (Ed.) Santa Monica Landmarks Santa Monica Landmarks Commission, 1990. See Text
Grant H. Smith The History of the Comstock Lode 1850-1920, Geology and Mining Series No. 37, University of Nevada Bulletin: Reno, Nevada, vol. XXXVII. 1 July 1943, no. 3, (revised 1966), Ninth printing, 1980. 305pp., 1890s, 1870s, 1860s See Text
600-Southern Pacific Train and Depot Grounds in Santa Monica, 1890s See Image
Jeffrey Stanton Santa Monica Pier A History from 1875 to 1990, Donahue Publishing: Los Angeles, CA, 1990, 1909, 1905, 1900, 1899, 1898, 1897, 1896, 1895, 1894, 1892, 1889, 1887, 1879, 1878, 1887, 1875 See Text
Jeffrey Stanton Venice of America: 'Coney Island of the Pacific,' Donahue Publishing: Los Angeles, CA, 1987, 176 pp., 1904, 1896, 1895, 1890s, See Text
Les Storrs Santa Monica Portrait of a City Yesterday and Today, Santa Monica Bank: Santa Monica, CA, 1974, 67 pp., 1903, 1896, 1894, 1893, 1891, 1890s See Text
Betty Lou Young Our First Century: The Los Angeles Athletic Club 1880-1980, LAAC Press: Los Angeles, California 1979, 176pp., 1890s See Text
Betty Lou Young and Randy Young Santa Monica Canyon: A Walk Through History Casa Vieja Press: Pacific Palisades, CA, 1997, 182pp., 1890s, See Text
Documents
Reyner Banham Los Angeles: The Architecture of Four Ecologies, Pelican: NY, 1971(1976), 256 pp., 1976, 1971, 1914, 1900s, 1900, 1899, 1890s, 1875, 1870s
"Whatever man has done subsequently to the climate and environment of Southern California, it remains one of the ecological wonders of the habitable world. Given water to pour on its light and otherwise almost desert soil, it can be made to produce a reasonable facsimile of Eden. Some of the world's most spectacular gardens are in Los Angeles, where the southern palm will literally grow next to northern conifers, and it was this promise of an ecological miracle that was the area's first really saleable product--the 'land of perpetual spring.'
"But to produce instant Paradise you have to add water-and keep on adding it. Once the scant local sources had been tapped, wasted, and spoiled, the politics of hydrology became a pressing concern, even a deciding factor in fixing the political boundaries of Los Angeles. The City annexed the San Fernando Valley, murdered the Owens Valley in its first great raid on hinterland waters under William Mulholland, and its hydrological frontier is now on the Colorado River. Yet fertile watered soil is no use if it is inaccessible; transportation was to be the next great shaper of Los Angeles after land and water. From the laying of the first railway down to the port at Wilmington just over a century ago, transport has been an obsession that grew into a way of life." p. 31
{Pages 32 and 33's Map of the first five railways out of the pueblo, and the water-distribution grid isn't all that specific but does show the 1875 railroad line to Santa Monica.}
"In the decades on either side of 1900 the economic basis of Angeleno life was transformed. While land and field-produce remained the established basis of wealth, and important new primary industry was added- oil . . . . commercial working did not begin until the mid-nineties and large-scale exploitation grew throughout the first quarter of the present century . . . p. 34
{At the same time, these inter-urban commuter lines had been conglomerated into the Pacific Electric Railway, sketching the Los Angeles to be.}
" . . . Los Angeles also acquired a major secondary industry and a most remarkable tertiary. The secondary was its port. There had always been harbour facilities on its coast, but the building of the Point Fermin breakwater to enclose the harbour at Wilmington/San Pedro from 1899 onwards was in good time to catch the greatly expanded trade promoted by the opening of the short sea-route . . . through the Panama Canal after 1914." p. 34
Fred E. Basten Santa Monica Bay: The First 100 Years, A pictorial history of Santa Monica, Venice, Ocean Park, Pacific Palisades, Topanga and Malibu, Douglas-West Publishers: Los Angeles, CA, 1974, 227 pp., 1920s, 1902, 1895, 1893, 1892, 1891,
"The Long Wharf was constructed in 1891 off Potrero Canyon. "When the first steamer docked in May, 1893, more than 1,000 local citizens . . . While the Santa Monica town band played, residents swarmed aboard ship and decked it with home grown flowers." p. 27
{The Roy Jones family home ca. 1895 is pictured on pages 44 and 45 in situ in the 1000 block on Ocean Avenue and it is now located at the corner of Main and Ocean Park Boulevard and houses one of the Santa Monica Historical Societies.}
{The advertisement from 1902 on page 47 has several details of Ocean Park, including a pier at perhaps Venice.}
{Utah Avenue is now Broadway. Oregon Avenue is now Santa Monica Boulevard. Nevada is now Wilshire Boulevard. Linda Vista Park was renamed Palisades Park during the '20s}
"Actual development in the Venice area began in 1892 when Abbot Kinney, world-traveled connoisseur of art and scenic beauty (and wealthy manufacturer of Sweet Caporal cigarettes), induced the Santa Fe Railroad to extend its tracks northward from Port Ballona . . . that was abandoned in the mid-1880's. . . . p.76
"Carnation fields in Ocean Park, 1899. A single acre of this experimental garden produced 35,000 carnation blossoms in one season and the carpet of color was one of the advertised tourist attractions on the Santa Fe's line from Los Angeles to Ocean Park. The oldest structures still standing in the area are cottages built in the 1890s when these gardens were established-small frame houses with Victorian ornamentation located on the 'Carnation Tract' between Rose and Sunset Avenues, Washington Boulevard and Fourth Street." p.72
Harry Carr Los Angeles City of Dreams (Illustrated by E.H. Suydam), D. Appleton-Century Co.: NY, 1935, 402 pp., 1935, 1890s
Chapter XV Underneath the Surface
"[p. 184] . . .
"Before the days of automobiles, we had bicycle races. On [p. 185] July Fourth every year there was a road race on high, old fashioned wheels from Santa Monica to Los Angeles; one of the champions was Tracy Hall, now a well-known banker. Regular bicycles of the present type brought in track racing. At first they were called "safety" bicycles and were considered to be somewhat sissified-for girls and such. I think that they started the Modern Youth movement in the pueblo-shameless flappers wearing bloomers that showed the leg mighty near to the knee. They made such a scandal that few girls had the courage to go on wearing them.
" . . .
Chapter XVIII The East A-Calling
"[p. 223] After the Sante Fe railroad built into Los Angeles, the pobladores discovered that we had a sea at our doors and that it would float boats-a stunning surprise to the Iowans [p. 224] who thought it was to take baths in. They began rounding in our Congress to appropriate money to build a breakwater and dredge out the mud flats.
"Huntington answered this demand with an ogre roar. It was lése majeste. He had whipped the pobladores to their knees before. Once they kept Crocker of the Southern Pacific waiting in the lobby of the council chamber while they debated the Southern Pacific's Demand to turn over all the municipal bonds by which the San Pedro to Los Angeles railroad had been built. "I'll make the grass grow in the streets of your town," yelled Crocker; and the frightened little pueblo handed over its railroad.
"This time, Huntington's growls blanched no faces. Instead old General Otis, with his then little paper the Times, opened up a broadside that turned the old tycoon's face purple with rage . . . And in the Senate a brilliant young California-born senator, Stephen M. White, whose statue now stands in bronze in front of the court-house, lashed the great corporation boss with devastating fury.
"Collis P. Huntington knew he had, for the first time in his life, a fight on his hands. He wanted the breakwater built at Santa Monica for the very obvious reason that the Southern Pacific had a monopoly there. So confident was he that he could whip Congress into line that he went ahead and built a wharf nearly a mile and a half long going out from the narrow point of land where the road turns into the Malibu. For years it stood there empty and forlorn, growing gray and salt-crusted in the surf spray, a playground for children-a convenient fishing place for the Sunday excursionists. Finally, in the winter storms, its worm-eaten piles broke and drifted ashore to make sputtering green- and orange-colored fire logs for the movie colony at Malibu. Nothing burns like driftwood and broken ambitions.
"[p. 225] It was a furious struggle that lasted for years. Army engineers surveyed both places and recommended San Pedro. Their reports were pigeonholed by the Secretary of War-General Alger-with what motive no one has ever discovered. Powerful forces in the Senate rose to block Stephen M. White; but he was a gallant fighter.
"Desperately, as he felt the battle going against him, Collis P. Huntington offered to build a breakwater at Santa Monica and give it to the government.
"Congressman Henry A. Cooper of Wisconsin said in the House of Representatives at that time:
""No question ever presented to me since I have been a member of this house has struck me with as much astonishment as this. I have never known anything like so determined a fight to thwart the will of the people to prevent the carrying out of just laws in the interests of a private corporation. And now these people who have been defeated year in and year out in thier efforts to establish a harbor at Santa Monica come in and say: "We will build a harbor and give it to the United States if you will put it where the engineers of the United States army think it ought not to go.""
"[In 1896, Congress finally voted an appropriation . . . for San Pedro; but still nothing happened. General Alger, the Secretary of War, managed to block the work until 1899 when President McKinley press a button in the White House to dump the first car-load of rock. . . . The electrical connection failed to work . . ."
In April, 1889, a Baptist Sunday school was called in the home of Mrs. Drane* on the south side of Santa Monica. For a time, the Sunday school was held in the South Side [the old Washington] school. From February 1, 1890 until November 3, 1892, the Reverend A.P. Brown*, pastor of the Baptist Church at Palms, preached alternate Sundays at Ocean Park. On September 5, 1892, the first "Baptist Mission" was dedicated as a branch of the Palms church. The church cost $700.00 and was furnished with one hundred chairs, a pulpit, and an organ. p.16
Chapter II
One teacher after another tackled the [South Side] school, but none of them remained very long. Maggie Biggy took over from Miss Huie; and she, too, tendered her resignation within a year. Hattie Bowles came next, followed in 1893 by Edith Lane who remained until the second schoolhouse was erected in 1895, when Alice M. Frazier and Estelle Barden were employed. Kate Smith was elected the first principal of the South Side School in 1899, and Florence Rubicam, one of the first graduates of the Santa Monica High School, and Elizabeth Hamlin, later supervisor of elementary schools, was elected principal in 1901. [37. Pearl, op. cit., pp. 21-22.]
" . . .
The Ocean Park area built up at a steady rate, far more rapidly than Santa Monica proper. The sand dunes surrounding the school sprouted small houses and each home usually had one or more children. The increased population soon overtaxed the capacity of the two small school buildings on the hill [1895]. A second story had been planned for the larger building, adding an additional room; but before it could be accomplished, the need had grown too imperative to wait for its construction. The sixth, seventh, and eighth grades were sent to the Baptist Church to be accommodated, and the trustees rented the Santa Fe Pavilion for use of the second and third graders. The parents were insisting on the construction of a new school house, but the board lacked sufficient funds to erect such a building as would be needed in the next two years. [39. Pearl, loc. cit.], 1890s
Bruce Henstell Sunshine and Wealth: Los Angeles in the Twenties and Thirties, Chronicle: San Francisco, 1984. 132pp., 1890s
"Venice-by-the-Sea, Venice of America as it was called, was the creation of a true eccentric, Abbot Kinney. Kinney's family made a fortune in the Gilded Age with a daring new product: cigarettes. Kinney's wealth freed him to search for a cure for the bane of his existence: insomnia. His search eventually led him to the healthful environment of Los Angeles, which he credited with curing him of the scourge.
"Kinney became not only a resident but a booster. He authored a lengthy monograph on the eucalyptus tree which thrived in Southern California. With Helen Hunt Jackson, he wrote a study of the downtrodden Gabrielino Indians. And Kinney became a developer, purchasing a large tract of land immediately south of Santa Monica which he platted as the resort city of Ocean Park." pp.104, 105
Ingersoll's Century History Santa Monica Bay Cities (Being Book 1908, 1908a, 1890s Number Two of Ingersoll's Century Series of California Local History Annals),
[p. 129] In 1891, Mr. Rindge purchased the property commonly known as the Malibu ranch, a Spanish land grant originally made to José B. Tapia in 1804, and later belonging to Don Mateo Keller. The original property extended along the coast northwesterly from Las Flores canyon for twenty miles. To this Mr. Rindge added other tracts until he owned a strip of land extending along the sea coast for twenty-four miles. Beautiful 'passages' or valleys; fertile mesas, stretches of magnificent beach, lofty peaks and ridges, gave a wonderful variety of scenery and climate to this rancho. Mysterious caves, almost inaccessible canyons, groves of ancient oak and sycamore lent romance and charm. It is not strange that Mr. Rindge, with his poetical tendency of thought and spiritual [p. 130] trend of mind, found here his ideal home and loved this historical rancho-not as property-but as a divine inheritance. He built here a home that was perfect in its adaptation to the environment and he spent here some of his happiest hours. His book, Happy Days in Southern California (1898) is largely a tribute to his life upon the Malibu, although it deals with other aspects of California life also.
[p. 164] Chapter II Laying the Foundations. 1870-1880.
In 1889, he [Edwin Jackson Vawter, Jr.] took a position with the First National Bank of Santa Monica. On the organization of the Commercial Bank of Santa Monica, in 1894, he became cashier of the institution. He was cashier of the Main-street Savings Bank of Los Angeles for five years and was connected with the Security Savings Bank. He then became cashier of the United States National Bank of the same city. He is now [1908] president of the First National Bank of Ocean Park.
[p. 182] Chapter III. From Town to City. 1880-1890.
. . . In 1888 he [Juan J./John Carrillo] was elected as city trustee and for twelve years thereafter he was re-elected regularly, thus serving the city longer than any other trustee ever chosen. During this time he was for seven years, from 1890 to 1897, president of the board and thus acting mayor of the city. During his entire service he gave much time and energy to city affairs and Santa Monica has never had a more disinterested and honest official.
" . . .
Schools
In 1889, after a good deal of agitation, steps were taken to provide the south side with a school. This was opened in a private house; but in 1888 lots had been secured at the corner of Ash and Fourth streets and in 1890 a small building erected. In 1891 another small building was put up in Garapatos canyon. This section of the district has since been cut off from the Santa Monica district. In 1894 a neat building was provided for the pupils resident in Santa Monica canyon.
" . . .
[p. 283, 1890, 1890s] Board of Trade-Chamber of Commerce--Improvement Club
" . . .
In 1890, M.R. Gaddy was again president. In February, 1890, the Board of Trade passed a resolution declaring that Santa Monica was the most advantageous location for a harbor and requesting Representative Vandever to use his influence towards securing an appropriation for that purpose. This Board of Trade continued to exist and to hold semi-occasional meetings until March, 1895, when it became a Chamber of Commerce, duly incorporated for the sum of $10,000. The incorporators were: R.F. Jones, F.L. Simons, T.H. Wells, M.H. Kimball, Walter G, Schee, J.J. Carrillo, Roy Jones, E.B. Woodworth, N.A. Roth, W.T. Gillis, H.W. Keller.
The old members of the Board of Trade were eligible to membership and a campaign for new membership was made. The meeting at which the re-organization was effected passed resolutions thanking Hon. J.J. Carrillo for "faithful and efficient official service during the seven years last past, all of which time he has been Secretary of the Board." The president of the new Chamber of Commerce was Robert F. Jones; first vice-president, F.L. Simons; second-vice- [p. 284] president, H.W. Keller; treasurer, M.H. Kimball.
The new organization laid out a broad scheme of work; twelve different committees were appointed to deal with municipal improvements and affairs. One of the first matters taken up was the planning of a float for La Fiesta. Another topic which absorbed much attention and was exhaustively handled by a committee consisting of Roy Jones and H.W. Keller, was that of securing a sewer system.
They engaged an engineer and had careful estimates and plans made, which were later adopted by the city council. When the Chamber of Commerce asked the Board of Trustees to call an election to vote on sewer bonds, the Board declined, fearing that the issue would not carry. The Chamber of Commerce then held a "straw election," which was carried out with all the completeness of a genuine election and the bonds were carried by a handsome majority. As a result a bond election was called by the city and $40,000 bonds were voted for sewers.
A road to Calabasas was another subject which received attention and which was successfully carried out, largely owing to the work of Mr. J.J. Carrillo. Of course, the Chamber of Commerce took every opportunity to advance Santa Monica's interests in the harbor fight, then on, and some very interesting meetings were held in connection with this matter. The Chamber of Commerce raised a fund to send Mr. John W. Mitchell to Washington as their representative.
[p. 284] The enthusiasm of the Chamber of Commerce seems to have worn itself out in 1898. At any rate in December of that year it was proposed to organize an "Improvement Club" which it was believed would eventually make the town doubly a paradise. Frank A. Miller, then mine [sic] host of the Arcadia, was one of the moving spirits in this organization and it started out with energetic-talk. J.J. Davis was president; F.B. McComas, vice-president; F.H. Taft, secretary; Dr. P.S. Lindsey, treasurer. The executive committee included F.A. Miller, W.S, Vawter, N.A. Roth, Roy Jones, Abbot Kinney, A. Mooser, A.W. McPherson, E.P, Clark, T.H. Dudley, F.H. Rindge, L.B. Osborne. The Club made a vigorous, although unsuccessful campaign to secure lower fares to Los Angeles. It also took up the matter of liquor licenses, recommending that only six saloon licenses be issued and that the license be raised to $600. The Improvement Club did some efficient work in arousing public opinion of the saloon situation, and for three or four months, the Outlook contains long reports of its meetings-then apparently the Improvement Club went the way of the Board of Trade and Chamber of Commerce.
" . . .
[p. 288] Chapter VIII Churches and Societies: Methodist Church; Episcopal Church-Saint Augustine-By-The-Sea; Baptists; Grand Army of the Republic
[Steady progress had been made during the 1880s developing the Santa Monica Methodist Church] until 1890, when a serious disagreement occurred between the pastor, the official board and the membership, and as a result thiry-one of the fifty-three members withdrew and formed the Prohibition Congregational church. The blow was a severe one and the church did not recover its strength for two or three years.
" . . .
[p. 288] In 1892 Mr. and Mrs. F.H. Rindge became members of the church and rendered much assistance to it. Rev. Wm. Stevenson was pastor, and under his ministrations the church doubled in membership and began an advance move which has since continued. The Epworth League was formed this year. Dr Stevenson remained as pastor of the church until 1897 and was then given a farewell reception which expressed somewhat the honor and love which he had inspired, not only in the church, but among the citizens of the town generally.
In June, 1895, it was announced that Frederick H.Rindge proposed to build a new church building, free of all cost to the church provided it would agree to meet the pastor's salary and all incidental expenses. In consequence on August 13th, 1895, ground was broken for this building and on the first Sabbath in 1896, the most beautiful Methodist church building in Southern California was dedicated.
In 1897-98 Rev. R.C. Wuestenberg was pastor and the membership was increased to 150, while the Sunday school numbered from 250-270. In July, 1898, it was voted to remove the old church to South Santa Monica, where a mission was holding service in the old Santa Fe depot. But after some agitation the action was not taken. In August, 1899, a church was organized, then known as South Santa Monica M.E. church, wtih Rev. F.G.H. Stevens as pastor, the mission having been served by Rev. Robert Fisher. In December, the old church was donated to the new organization and was moved to Ocean Park. A new parsonage was erected on the site of the old parsonage.
" . . .
[p. 296] Chapter VIII Episcopal Church-Saint Augustine-By-The-Sea
Mr. Jefferys resigned in the early part of 1889 and the Rev. Orrin Judd, of North Carolina, succeeded him. Mr. Judd had come to California broken down in health; but he was a most eloquent preacher, which gift led to his resignation of this charge a year later to accept the new church of St. John on West Adams street, Los Angeles, which had been built in order to find a place for him in the city. During Mr. Judd's incumbency the work prospered and considerable additions were made to the membership of the church.
The Rev. P.S. Ruth, of Pomona, officiated temporarily until September, 1891,when the Rev. I.M.M. Jones became rector. Mr. Jones remained in charge for nearly six years [1897] and during that period the Parish Hall was built and in many ways the church made progress. On the resignation of Mr. Jones, [p. 297] the Rev. Edward Meany officiated temporarily and, at a critical time in the history of the congregation, maintained the regular services of the church and did much to arouse the
When, in May, 1900, Mr. Meany's school duties in Los Angeles compelled him to resign, he was succeeded by the present rector, the Rev. John D.H. Browne, who had been for sixteen years in Southern California and who had just resigned St. John's church, San Bernardino.
" . . .
[p. 297] Chapter VIII Baptist Church
. . . [p. 297] Sunday, January 12th, 1890, a call having been made by G.B. Studd and J.O. Mathewson for a Sunday school in South Santa Monica, about forty-two persons gathered at the home of Mr. Mathewson, at the corner of Bay and South Sixth streets. A school was organized and Mr. Andrew Mills was chosen as superintendent, a position which he filled for six years [1890-1896]. For a time the school was held in the old school house and then in the house of Captain Clark, Fourth and Strand. This rough cottage was adapted for Sunday services as far as possible and neighboring pastors were frequently invited to preach here.
From February 1st, 1890, until November 3rd, 1892, Rev. A.P. Brown, [p. 298] pastor of the Baptist church at Palms, preached on alternative Sunday afternoons at Ocean Park. Three pupils wer baptized from the Ocean Park school into the membership of the Palms
[p. 298] In 1891, Rev. W.W. Tinker, became district secretary of the American Baptist Home Missionary society. He proposed to erect a chapel in commemoration of J.O. Mathewson [ -1890], who had passed away the previous year.
September 5th, 1892, this was dedicated as the "Baptist Mission," a branch of the Palms church. It cost $700, was furnished with 100 chairs, a pulpit and a baby organ. Dr. Danel Read, of Los Angeles, preached the dedicatory sermon.
During 1893-4, Rev. H.S. Baker, pastor of Palms church, preached regularly in the chapel, assisted by Mr. Charles Baird as singer.
In 1895, Rev. Mr. Thomason, pastor at Palms, preached regularly. In June the church was encouraged by a visit from Rev. E.G. Wheeler and the chapel car "Emmanuel." The same month the annual convention of Southern California Baptists was held in the Y.M.C.A. Pavilion at Ocean Park.
In 1896 the church at Palms ceased to exist and the interest fell off very materially at Ocean Park. July 26th, Rev. Mr. French, who had located in Ocean Park for his health, began to hold services in the chapel and organized a new Sunday school. He also organized a Baptist church of sixteen members. In September, 1896, Rev. T.F. Tooker took charge of the little church and conducted the services and Sunday school for some time.
In 1898, Rev. Chas. Pelley, a graduate of Charles Spurgeon's college, in London, located in Santa Monica and acted as pastor of the church until the spring of 1899, After his departure the work languished and the Sunday school died. The Methodists were granted the use of the building for their services until 1900 when they secured their own church.
" . . .
[p. 303] Chapter VIII. Grand Army of the Republic
Fort Fisher Post G.A.R., No. 137, Department of California and Nevada, was organized in 1885. J.J. Mohen, H.M. Russell, J.W. Keith, G.T. Holford, J.L. Allen, R.P. Elliot, C.B. Fuller, Guy C. Manville, F.A. Westover, George Young, W.R. Waldron and Henry Gardner were the charter members of this post. In June, 1887, Fort Fisher Relief Corps was installed with Mrs. Josephine Baxter, president; Mrs. E. Gaddy and Mrs. Sadie Bennett, vice-presidents; Miss Mary Elliott, secretary; Mrs. Alice Mosse, treasurer, and Mrs. Rebecca Gulberson, chaplain.
In February, 1887, John A. Logan Post was organized in Santa Monica, with H.M. Russell as president, J. Mohen, secretary, and with twelve members. This was later merged with John A. Martin Post, Soldier's Home.
Fort Fisher Post [of the Grand Army of the Republic] flourished [from 1885] until about 1901, when the enthusiasm died out and the organization was disbanded. The old soldiers and the Relief Corps had always taken a prominent part on public occasions and especially on Memorial day, and were much missed from the civic organizations.
" . . .
Mark E. Kann Middle Class Radicalism in Santa Monica, Temple University Press: Philadelphia, 1986. 322pp., 1899, 1893, 1890s
"This fate was avoided, however, by a new twist in Southern California's railroad wars. In 1890, a powerful syndicate of St. Louis capitalists decided to challenge the Southern Pacific's hegemony by laying its own track to the San Pedro harbor and building its own docking facilities there. The Southern Pacific in essence resurrected Jones's old scheme as a competitive response. Collis Huntington drew up plans to construct a deep harbor off Santa Monica that it could monopolize by virtue of its ownership of Jones's Los Angeles and Independence Railroad. Huntington also began a campaign to discredit as unsafe the harbor facilities in San Pedro where the Southern Pacific had once had uncontested control. Ultimately, Southern California shipping would be shifted to the new harbor, and Santa Monica, once again, was slated as a high growth metropolis. By 1893, the Southern Pacific had completed construction of a new 4,500-foot Long Wharf just north of Santa Monica, bought up land throughout the area, and marshalled enough congressional support (including that of Senator John P. Jones and Senator Cornelius Cole, who also had land investments in Santa Monica) to prevent federal appropriations for a breakwater in San Pedro. Huntington meanwhile courted the support of the Los Angeles business community and other influential politicians to win federal appropriations for building a sheltered deep sea harbor off Santa Monica.
"Huntington called the new harbor "Port Los Angeles" in the hope that Santa Monica would become the commercial gateway for Los Angeles and all of Southern California. He arranged tours of the Long Wharf for businessmen, buyers, and politicians; he ran excursions for tourists who were also potential investors. Ships once again began to dock at Santa Monica and the city itself went through its second wave of growth. Huntington's scheme might have worked were it not for the fact that the St. Louis capitalists had a major ally in the person of General Harrison Gray Otis, founder of the Los Angeles Times and the key single figure in the making of Southern California. Otis put together a coalition of powerful business interests and politicians (including California U.S. Senator Stephen White) to stop the Southern Pacific by ensuring that federal appropriations went to the San Pedro harbor. Otis's public posture was nicely summarized in this Times editorial of 1892:
"Is any individual or corporation to have a monopoly on this deep sea harbor when it is constructed? It it is found as a result of investigation that the Southern Pacific has taken in advance a mortgage (death grip) on the forthcoming artificial harbor at Santa Monica, then we say let us not give any assistance to the scheme. On the contrary, let us fight with all the self-respecting manhood we have. Better that the deep sea harbor be defeated altogether than that the government should be encouraged to appropriate $4 million or $5 million for the exclusive benefit of this already overgrown and too dictatorial corporation." (1)
- pp. 29, 30, 31, 32
(1) quoted in
Robert Gottlieb and Irene Wolt* Thinking Big: The Story of the Los
Angeles Times, Its Publishers and Their Influence on Southern
California, Putnams: NY, 1977. p. 59
James W. Lunsford The Ocean and the Sunset, The Hills and the Clouds: Looking at Santa Monica, illustrated by Alice N. Lunsford, 1983, 1973, 1949, 1948, 1920, 1810, 1908, 1893, [late] 1800s
Santa Monica Pier-Arcadia Terrace
"10. Arcadia Hotel Bricks, 1653-1661 Appian Way. During the excavation for the foundation of this building in 1948, a number of bricks from the original foundation of the Arcadia Hotel, circa [late] 1800s, were turned up, and one of the bricks was imbedded in the foundation of the new building."
Ocean Park
"One of the oldest sections of Santa Monica, Ocean Park had its beginning in 1893 when the Santa Fe Railroad contructed a passenger station and baggage room at what is now the intersection of Hill Street and Neilson Way and planted a few trees and grass on nearby plot of ground that was then called Ocean Park. The name clung and eventually was extended to the entire area. The original station was razed in 1920. There is some evidence that the trees had been planted before 1893 by either W.S. Vawter or E.J. Vawter, who wished to improve their real estate tract. Ocean Park, comprising the area south of Pico and west of Lincoln, is rich in notable sites.
40. Hostetter House, 2601 Second Street, corner of Beach and Second. This distinctive corner house, formerly owned by Moses Hostetter, is also a candidate for being one of the oldest residential buildings in the city. It is believed to have been built about 1890 although, again, its exact age has yet to be established.
56. Phillips Chapel, CME Church, 401 Bay Street. This may be the oldest continuously occupied public building in the city. Originally built in either 1890 or 1895 as the Washington School at Fourth and Ashland, it was later moved to this site and dedicated on October 4, 1908. It was remodeled in 1910 and again in 1949, but the original architecture of the building has been retained."
The Richmonds, 1890s, Probably taken by Alva A. Richmond on Jefferson St. in Grand Rapids, Michigan, variously inscribed 1890, 1896, 1900, and the property of Mrs. W.L. Roberts, R.#5, Grand Rapids, Mich., of Fidelia M. Richmond and a Mrs. X, being tricycled by Charles Richmond, while on the lawn from left to right is Nellie Richmond, Clara Richmond, Fred Gold, and George Smith. Alva, Charles, Nellie, Clara and Emma (Mrs. W.L. Roberts) were all children of Fidelia and Benjamin Richmond. George Smith is an uncle of those photographed?
Troop Richmond, 1890s Taken at the old Jefferson St. house, in Grand Rapids. The medals were won at bycicle (sic) races at the old Fulton St. Race Track.
Zoe Richmond, 1890s Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Amanda
Schacter (Ed.) Santa Monica Landmarks Santa Monica Landmarks
Commission, 1990.
18 Moses
Hostetter*
2601
Second Street
Built:
1893
Designated
4 December 1990
"This Victorian era single family home was constructed in 1893 by Moses Hostetter*, an Iowa farmer who migrated to Santa Monica in 1893. Hostetter* served as a member of the Santa Monica Board of Trustees between 1896 and 1900, acting as chairman of the police committee and the fire and light committee."
Grant H. Smith The History of the Comstock Lode 1850-1920, Geology and Mining Series No. 37, University of Nevada Bulletin: Reno, Nevada, vol. XXXVII. 1 July 1943, no. 3, (revised 1966), Ninth printing, 1980. 305pp., 1890s, 1870s, 1860s
[p. 137] Chapter XVI The Crown Point-Belcher Bonanza-The Gold to Silver Ratio-The Silver Question.
[p. 142] The Silver Question
[p. 143] "The long and bitter struggle of the silverites to undo "The Crime of '73" and restore the white metal to its old-time parity of 16 to 1 with gold, was begun in 1876 and became a national issue with the defeat of Bryan for president on that platform twenty years later. Meantime, the Democrats, aided by western Senators, succeeded in passing the Bland-Allison bill in 1878, providing for the purchase in the open market and coinage of not less than 2,000,000 nor more than 4,000,000 ounces of silver per month. This was repealed by the Sherman Act of 1890, which authorized the purchase, but not the coinage, of 4,500,000 ounces of silver per month. In 1893, after the panic had set in, a Republican Congress, aided by gold Democrats, passed a bill repealing the Sherman Act, which was signed by President Cleveland, thereby leaving silver without Government support.
" . . .
[p. 249] Chapter XXV Fire in the Stopes-Low-Grade Operations in the Bonanza Mines-The Comstock Milling Monopoly-The Last Washoe Process Mill-Losses in Tailings-Tailings Reworked
[p. 250] Low-grade Operations in the Bonanza Mines
[p. 251] "The Jones lease was surrendered on January 1, 1886, and the Consolidated Company entered upon ten years of very profitable mining in and about the old stopes, although the operation would have been far less successful except for the lucky discovery of three narrow sheets of good ore adjoining the old California stopes. The first one was found in the summer of 1886, the second in 1891, and the last in 1894. It happened that the first was encountered after Mackay returned to take charge while Superintendent Patton took a vacation. Fair had done little crosscutting on either side of the bonanza owing to the rush of water that followed the cutting of clay walls. In these later years the stopes were practically dry as the water had been drained by deeper workings.
" . . .
[p. 252] ". . . Mackay and Flood . . . withdrew from the Comstock in 1895.
" . . .
[p. 252] "During the years 1884 to 1895, inclusive, the mine produced 860,661 tons of ore, yielding $16,447, 221, coin value, or $19.11 a ton, from which dividends amounting to $3,898,800 were paid, after the payment of $1 a ton royalty to the Sutro Tunnel Company. The value of the gold exceeded that of the coin value of the silver by nearly $2,000,000. The average milling charge was $6.50 per ton, with an 80 percent recovery rate. Mackay and Flood had large idle mills at that time, which enabled them to make a low milling charge . . .
[p. 252] "It is interesting to note that the low-grade operations in the bonanza mines yielded more in dividends than were paid by any of the other Comstock mines in all their history with the exception of three-the Savage, the Crown Point, and the Belcher.
" . . .
[p. 253] The Comstock Milling Monopoly
[p. 255] Despite the earlier Dewey suits and criticisms, he again milled the low-grade ores extracted fro the bonanza stopes from 1885 to 1895, in association with James L. Flood and J.P. Jones. Mackay's idea that a director has the right to deal with his compay if the contract was fair is now the law in California, by an Act passed in 1933.
[p. 255] "Lord enters into an elaborate discussion of the Comstock milling system with especial reference to the Bonanza Firm, which includes: "If the managers had the lion's share of the profits, they had also the lion's share of the risk and labor. These facts should be bourne in mind in any fair criticism or censure of their conduct as trustees."
" . . .
600-Southern Pacific Train and Depot Grounds Santa Monica, (Edw. Mitchell, San Francisco, California) 1890s? (Unused Postcard found in Greenville, California, 2005 by Julian Wells* and Margaret Garcia*), KR
Jeffrey
Stanton Santa Monica Pier: A History from 1875 to 1990,
Donahue Publishing: Los Angeles, CA, 1990, 1909, 1905, 1900, 1899,
1898, 1897, 1896, 1895, 1894, 1892, 1889, 1887, 1879, 1878, 1887,
1875
Chapter
1: Santa Monica's North Beach (1875-1907)
{The useful synthetic diagram on page 9 indicates the placement of structures and piers south of Railroad St.: (7) Los Angeles and Independence Wharf (1875-1879), described above; (9) Eckert & Hopf Pavilion Restaurant (1879-1900); (10) Thompson Scenic Railroad (1887-1889), which connected the Arcadia Hotel across the railroad gorge to Ocean Av.; (11) Arcadia Bathhouse (1887-1905); (12) Arcadia Hotel (1887-1909); (13) Jackson Hotel (1889- ) across Ocean Av., from the Arcadia Hotel; (14) Southern Pacific Railroad Depot (1878- ); (15) Southern Pacific Railroad Tunnel (1892- )}
{Page 13 Undated photo cable-driven steam-powered Ferris Wheel.}
{Page 15 1898 photo taken from the North Beach Bathhouse looking south shows a tented merry-go-round operated by the Davis Family in the foreground, pony carts, the truncated Los Angeles and Independence railroad wharf with a sign advertising 500 New Bath Suits Fish 6th and Rooms, the Arcadia Bath House, and the Arcadia Hotel followed by high bluffs covered with trees, and three quarters of the way a windmill which may be atop a water tower, and then Kinney & Ryan's Ocean Park Pier, and the Palos Verdes Peninsula and fog behind that. The whole coast seems to be developed between the Arcadia and the Ocean Park Pier.}
" . . . Southern Pacific . . . changed their mind. . . . the real reason [being]the success of Santa Fe's Redondo Beach wharf which opened in 1889. Except for coal and lumber, 60% of all seaborne shipping in and out of Los Angeles area was handled by that wharf. . . .
"Southern Pacific acquired a fifty foot right-of-way along the beach along the bluffs from Senator Jones and Colonel Baker after threatening condemnation proceedings. They dug a tunnel through the palisades in March 1892 and extended their rail line to a point one half mile beyond Santa Monica Canyon. . . .
"Santa Monica experienced its third business boom in its short history. It is estimated that Southern Pacific spent more than $200,000 in the town during construction of its wharf. The Arcadia Hotel which had been closed for more than a year reopened in July under new management. Its new owners, the Pacific Improvement Company, a subsidary of Southern Pacific spent $10,000 to remodel and expand the hotel. The hotel attracted so much business that cots had to be placed in some of the rooms instead of beds." p. 18
" . . .
"The Edison Company's installation of an electric power plant on the bluffs above the old railroad pier in 1894 gave the city the look of prosperity, especially at night. It was also the year that Senator Jones bought the town's bank from Vawter* and renamed it the Santa Monica Bank.
" . . . in 1892 [when] Abbot Kinney* and his partner Francis Ryan* bought a strip of the old Rancho La Ballona property south of Strand Street. The terrain in what was to become Ocean Park was different from most of Santa Monica. It was hilly rather than flat, and its beach was at the end of a gentle slope rather than at the bottom of steep cliffs.
"It was Kinney* and Ryan*'s intention to build a modest beach resort similar to Coney Island in New York. They persuaded the Santa Fe Railroad to extend its line from Ballona Creek up the coast, and donated the land for a depot at Hill St. in exchange for a promise that they would build a substantial pier and pavilion. A much larger tract was given to the Y.M.C.A. in hopes that construction of an auditorium and bathhouse would attract conventions and assemblies in Ocean Park. The remainder of the property was subdivided into small 25 x 100 foot, $45 lots that sold well. Unsold lots were rented for $15 per year with the understanding that "neat and substantial cottages" would be built on them.
"Kinney* and Ryan*, who were both sports enthusiasts, built a golf course, race track, tennis club, and country clubhouse. The pier, which was completed by the railroad in 1895, was a mere stub and offered nothing to attract visitors. Several years later the partners replaced it with a 1250 foot long pier built over the town's sewer outfall.
" . . . Sherman and Clark extended electric trolley service to the city [Santa Monica]. . . on April 1, 1896. Two thousand residents and a band greeted the passengers as they embarked . . . By summer Sherman and Clark had extended service south to Ocean Park.
"In January 1898, a businessman named J.C. Elliot proposed to build a sixteen foot wide $25,000 pleasure wharf at the foot of Railroad Av. He even talked about building a small rock breakwater to make boating possible near the wharf. . . . the city denied the franchise.
"Two months later the Santa Monica Beach Improvement Company was organized with a capital stock of $100,000. It was a syndicate headed by F.A. Miller*, proprietor of the Arcadia Hotel, Sherman and Clark of the Pasadena and Pacific Electric, and Robert Jones, president of the Santa Monica Bank. [Their plan to build a 1300 foot long pier at the foot of Railroad Av., but their plan was scotched by Southern Pacific which claimed an exclusive franchise.]
"Instead they built a 700 foot long pleasure pier north, midway between the old railroad pier and the North Beach Bath House. . . . [The project was only partially completed.] . . . .
"Sherman and Clark's trolley lines eventually led to the Arcadia Hotel's closure in 1899. The hotel was a holding company for the Southern Pacific. When their railroad was the only road into Santa Monica, it was to their advantage to maintain a first class hotel. After the trolley lines came to Santa Monica, their interests turned elsewhere.
"While North Beach was much more strait-laced than Ocean Park, each summer a few carnival ride operators set up their attractions on the beach near the pleasure pier. . . .
"Santa Monica's citizens and city government were becoming more and more puritanical as the turn of the century neared. In 1900, the town voted 305 to 218 to ban saloons, but allowed restaurants and hotels to continue to serve alcholic beverages. That year Ocean Park citizens became paranoid and circulated petitions advocating secession from Santa Monica. An election was finally held in the fall, but separatist's efforts failed; 341-59."
Jeffrey
Stanton Venice of America: 'Coney Island of the Pacific,'
Donahue Publishing: Los Angeles, CA, 1987, 176 pp., 1904, 1896, 1895,
1890s, Chapter
I: Building Venice of America (1904 - 1906)
"Abbot
Kinney had been feuding with his three Ocean Park Improvement Company
partners for some time when they met in the company office in January
1904 to divide their beach front property. Kinney and his former
partner Francis Ryan had purchased the tract of land just south of
Santa Monica in 1895. Here they had developed a modest seaside resort
by building a golf course, tennis courts, country clubhouse,
boardwalk and a fishing pier at the foot of Pier Avenue. They gave
the Santa Fe Railroad a small tract of land with the understanding
that they would build a pavilion there, and a much larger tract to
the Y.M.C.A. in hopes that the construction of an auditorium and
bathhouse would attract conventions and assemblies to Ocean Park. The
remainder of the property was subdivided into small 25 x 100 foot,
$45 lots which sold well considering the economic slump of the
1890's. Unsold lots were rented for $15 per year with the
understanding that 'neat and substantial cottages' would be built
upon them. Transportation to the resort was arranged when a spur of
the new Los Angeles electric railroad was extended south from Santa
Monica to Hill Street in 1896.
"The Auditorium . . . burned in 1897."
Les Storrs Santa Monica Portrait of a City Yesterday and Today, Santa Monica Bank: Santa Monica, CA, 1974, 67 pp., 1903, 1896, 1894, 1893, 1891, 1890s
Pp. 20, 21 [Photo captions: "A mistake somehow was made here. The locomotive, derailed, went onto the grounds of the Arcadia Hotel, about 1890. On the back is printed: "Pacific Photograph Gallery at the Arcadia Pavilion, is the place to go for all kinds of fine photographs. Tintypes in bathing costumes a specialty. H.F. Riles, Artist."
" . . . August 1, 1891, . . the Southern Pacific began an oceanographic survey just west of Santa Monica Canyon . . .
"Collis P. Huntington, at the helm of the railroad, . . . By 1892 construction of the Long Wharf was well underway . . .
" . . . [briefly] the Long Wharf actually was the port of Los Angeles after its completion in 1893.
". . . Santa Monica had begun to accept its manifest destiny, that of a pleasant seaside residential community, and to make the most of it."
"Meanwhile progress was being recorded on the physical front, but usually over considerable opposition. For example, an election was held March 21, 1893, to vote on a proposed sewer bond issue of $40,000. The vote was negative after a heated campaign, 140 [against], 84, [for].
"Some progress was recorded, however, when J.J. Davis won a franchise, at a cost to him of $25 per year, to install an electric generating plant. On September 10, [1893], no less than 12 street lights were turned on. The generators were on the beach on the northwest side of what is now the Municipal Pier."
{Photo captions: "The one and only Santa Monica public school and its pupils, September, 1894; President McKinley was welcomed by an enthusiastic crowd when he spoke at the Soldiers Home. Most of the veterans in the photo saw service in the Civil War."}
"By 1895, . . . sewer bonds . . . were approved by an overwhelming majority. The system, however, was not built immediately, the trustees encountering much trouble in gaining rights of way. Not until 1899 wa the contract let for the outfall, which was near Pier Avenue.
"Unfortunately, this was destroyed by a storm, and many problems ensued, so that the outfall ultimately was located under the present site of the Municipal Pier, at the foot of Colorado Avenue. This was the case from 1909 until the city of Santa Monica joined the city of Los Angeles in funding the Hyperion plant, now in use [1974].
Pp. 20, 21 [Photo caption: "Here the members of the first graduating class of Santa Monica High School, correctly and decorously attired, gather on the beach near the foot of what is now Colorado Avenue. Six men; seven women."]
"Street car service also supplanted the steam trains which had made four round trips daily between Santa Monica and Los Angeles. Moses H. Sherman and E.P. Clark built the first electric line into Santa Monica was provided by both Pacific Electric (the big red cars) and the Los Angeles Paacific.
Pp. 8,9 {Photos and Captions: First Electric Train in Santa Monica, April 1, 1896"]
Pps. 18, 19 [Photo caption: 1898 photo of the small sized Third Street Car]
"For the next twelve 12 years from 1891 to 1903] the Rindge family divided their time between Malibu and Santa Monica, but it was in the 20 mile Malibu strip extending northwest from Las Flores Canyon, that the Rindges wrote much history."
Betty Lou Young Our First Century: The Los Angeles Athletic Club 1880-1980, LAAC Press: Los Angeles, California 1979, 176pp., 1890s
4. Riding High: The Stowell Block
"The 1890s ushered in the era of the "boosters," a remarkable set of business giants who turned Los Angeles from a bustling town into a thriving metropolis and converted Southern California into an agricultural and industrial empire. They accumulated huge personal fortunes, were active in civic life, and, almost to a man, were devoted members of the LAAC.
"Their heyday began after the decline of the land boom of the eighties when the railroads abandoned their promotional role in attracting tourists and settlers to the Southland. At the instigation of Colonel Harrison Gray Otis, the gap was filled in 1888 by the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce. The newly formed group assembled exhibits, sponsored lectures, subsidized writers and photographers, published books and pamphlets and produced a "California on Wheels" train to bring the sun-kissed message to every city in the Midwest.
" . . . Among those in the top echelon were Colonel Otis and Harry Chandler of the Times publishing empire; railroad tycoons Eli Clark, Moses Sherman, and Henry Huntington; oil men Edward L. Doheny and Charles Canfield; Senator Stephen White . . .; and Mayor Fred Eaton, father of the Owens River Aqueduct-all LAAC members." p. 33
" . . . (1893) . . . It was estimated tht there were more bicycles in Los Angeles than in any other city in America. . . .
"The most famous of the early cycling contests was the Annual Santa Monica Road Race, sponsored by the Los Angeles Wheelmen, who were now affiliated with the LAAC. The first race was held on July 4, 1891, on a course that began in front of the Club and ran by way of Pico Boulevard to the Hotel Arcadia in Santa Monica-a distance of seventeen miles. A gold medal with the Club insignia and other trophies were donated by the Tufts-Lyons Arms Company . . .
" . . .
"When [the bicylists started] the judges dashed for the train. The cyclists reached Santa Monica first, led by W.A. Tufts in 1:15:14. . . . Miss Marguerite Lloyd . . . was unofficially timed for 16 miles at 2:06. The following year (1892), thirty cyclists competed over an 18 1/2 mile course, while the spectators sped to Santa Monica on two rival rail lines in time to see H.B. Cromwell of the LAAC [win.]
"By 1894, the number of entries had increased to 218. . . . Passengers filled twenty-six special trains, and vehicles of every description made the trip, including a railroad handcart . . . Emil Ulbrecht set a record of 57:07 and outclassed the field again in 1895.
" . . .
"Amateur competition in cycling suffered with the subsequent rise of the professional sport. Much of the early enthusiasm drained away when such favorites as Burke, Ulbrecht, and McCrea joined the pros, and the first professional races were uneven in quality and poorly attended.
" . . . cross-country walking began to attract its share of followers. The Tramper's Annex was formed in 1894 . . .
"A favorite junket . . . was the weekend trip to Wilson's Peak (Mt. Wilson, preferably by moonlight. . . .
"In 1894 the Great Sandow appeared for two nights at the Los Angeles Theatre under the management of Flo Ziegfield. His feats of strength, however, were overshadowed by the Trocadero Vaudeville Company, who appeared on the same bill and presented a whistler, lady songsters, a juggler, and Elsie Arden in her great skirt dance. . . .
" . . . the first 'Fiesta de las Flores,' held in April, 1894 . . . in 1895 L.E. Behymer was enlisted to sell tickets, launching the famous impresario's . . . career.
" . . . 1896 Fiesta Week vaudeville show. . . . included the Venetian Lady Mandolin Orchestra, banjo and guitar groups, and a minstrel show with turns by the members." p. 39
5. Disaster in the Wings: The Wilson Block
" . . . on Spring Street. . . . the building included a "wheel room" . . . a hundred bicycles . . .
" . . . Before the end of 1897 . . . private athletic clubs were going bankrupt due [in part] to competition from the moderately priced YMCA movement . . .
"In cycling, the old-style professional races were still held at Agricultural Park, but the war between the factions [League of American Wheelmen and the California Association of Cycling Clubs] and indifferent performance . . Amateur competions now preferred endurance runs, while scores of pleasure riders took off on Sunday excursions into the countryside or attempted long-distance treks . . .
"Agricultural Park burgeoned into a major racing and amusement center offering saloons and gambling, trotting races, and Sunday coursing (the pursuit of live rabbits by dogs) to supplement cycling and the winter thoroughbred racing season. Sharpshooting and gun clubs grew in popularity, while the most fashionable sports for both men and women were golf and tennis.
" . . . Los Angeles Country Club . . . 1897
"Tennis was already well-established. According to LAAC member Boyle Workman, the first court in the city was built on the grounds of the Childs mansion, and the first Southern California Lawn Tennis Association tournament was held in Santa Monica on the Casino courts in 1885. . . .
" . . . the Spanish-American War was declared in April 1898. . . . patriotic fervor caused the cancellation of Fiesta Week and the Fourth of July parade, but the Santa Monica Road Race was run as usual . . .
[Photo page 44: The Santa Monica Cycle Path, proceeding west from Third Avenue and Washington Street in the late 1890s.]
"By the end of the century there were 30,000 cycles in Los Angeles, creating a need for more adequate paths and roads. The LAAC Wheelmen and other organizations helped finance the Santa Monica Cycleway in 1899 by selling lapel buttons . . ."
Betty Lou Young and Randy Young Santa Monica Canyon: A Walk Through History Casa Vieja Press: Pacific Palisades, CA, 1997, 182pp., 1890s
"As for Kinney, he abandoned his subdivision plans-perhaps as a result of the economic downturn of 1888, and in 1891 sold his entire property on the mesa to Collis P. Huntington." p. 2
"In 1893, the state legislature . . . liquidated the forestry board and turned management of the Rustic Canyon operation over to the Agriculture Department of the University of California at Berkeley.
" . . . vague accusations [of mismanagement]. In 1897 the value of the research was enhanced by an affiliation with the United States Forestry Department, which by then had experimental stations in thirty states."
" . . . the 1890s. Hunting . . . for sport, to protect livestock, and to provide food had long been a tradition. . . . butcher shops in Santa Monica were accustomed to preparing deer for domestic consumption. . . . A. Mooser's store in Santa Monica . . .
" . . . County ordinances . . . prohibited saloons in unincorporated areas from staying open on Sundays or after midnight on Saturdays . .